http://www.sciepub.com/journal/AJZR American Journal of Zoological Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that provides rapid publication of articles in all areas of zoological research. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of zoological research. Science and Education Publishing en 2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved. American Journal of Zoological Research 8 1 January 2023 2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajzr/8/1/1 Terminalia catappa) leaf extract to manage fish fungal infection by eliminating external parasites. The research utilized 54 goldfish (Carassius auratus) divided into three groups (A, B, and C), with three replicates per dosage. Results showed that the Tropical Almond (Terminalia catappa) leaf extract used in this study contains alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Treatments with Tropical Almond (Terminalia catappa) leaf extract in varying doses showed effectiveness in treating fish fungus infections. The highest concentration (12 mg) showed a greater effect. There was a statistically significant difference between the experiments and the control group (p value <0.05). But, results among the experimental groups showed no significant difference. The findings of this study suggest that this plant extract may be useful for treating fungal infections. However, to validate and further develop the findings of fungal inhibition, further research on antifungal activity tests is necessary.]]> Barbette Anne G. Murray, Wyomia Belle J. Pama, Cleo April Alima, Jeian Xyrra G. Bayquin, Ian Jay P. Saldo, Mary Jade P. Dandoy, Jevoy Gumanyao 2023 -07- 5 Science and Education Publishing 2023 -07- 5 1 8 1 5 10.12691/ajzr-8-1-1 http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajzr/8/1/2 Hynobius are described from the Chugoku Mountains, Japan. The complex of Hynobius utsunomiyaorum, including Hynobius hidamontanus, was divided into six groups based on morphological and molecular analyses. The Mt. Sanbe and Kitahiroshima, Mt. Mengame, northern central Okayama, and northeastern Okayama groups of H. utsunomiyaorum were described as Hynobius pseudoutsunomiyaorum sp. nov., Hynobius mengamemontanus sp. nov., Hynobius sakuhokumontanus sp. nov., and Hynobius ushiromontanus sp. nov., respectively. Molecular analyses of samples from across the entire distribution range of H. utsunomiyaorum revealed that H. utsunomiyaorum (including H. hidamontanus) has six genetic groups. Morphological analyses suggested that males of the four new species are morphologically different from H. utsunomiyaorum according to specific characters. The distribution of the new species, as well as those of H. utsunomiyaorum and H. hidamontanus, were determined and compared to indicate the isolation among the species. Although further sampling from the northern part of Okayama Prefecture is needed to determine the distribution ranges of H. utsunomiyaorum and H. sakuhokumontanus sp. nov., our results suggest that the distribution area of true H. utsunomiyaorum is mainly limited to the central area of the Chugoku Mountains.]]> Hirotaka Sugawara, Takayuki Iwata, Jun-ichi Naito, Masaru Yamada, Kazuto Onomura, Masahiro Nagano 2023-10-24 Science and Education Publishing 2023-10-24 1 8 6 26 10.12691/ajzr-8-1-2