American Journal of Hypertension Research

Prevalence of Hypertension among Black Populations: A Comprehensive Review Across Africa, the Caribbean, and North America

Opeyemi O Adeloye, Samuel Headley — 2024-04-26

Background This study was undertaken to describe the prevalence of hypertension among the black populations of Africa, the Caribbean, and North America. Methods A search was made using grey literatures and major electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Embase for population-based studies published between January 1, 2017 to September 15, 2022, reporting the prevalence of hypertension for adults aged ≥ 18 years living in Africa, the Caribbean, and North America. A random effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence across included studies was employed. Findings A total of 6,779 articles were screened and 351 full-text articles were obtained to assess for inclusion in this review. A total of 274 unique studies with 186 data points in all 28 African countries, 13 Caribbean, and 5 North American countries recognized by the United Nations were reviewed. The prevalence of hypertension in Africa ranged from 23.3 to 42.0%, in the Caribbean, it ranged from 26.5 to 48.8% while in North America, the range was 31.7 to 54% from individual studies. The overall percentage was 32.6% in Africa, 37.6% in the Caribbean, and 42.8% in North America. Prevalence did not differ statistically by sex, place of residence, African, Caribbean, or American subregion. In separate studies, older age and overweight or obesity were independently associated with hypertension. Overall, the GRADE assessment suggested moderate quality evidence in the results. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of hypertension in the populations of North America, the Caribbean, and Africa. This is true of both urban and rural areas.

Comparing the Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Moderate-Intensity Interval Training (MIIT), and Isometric Training on Hypertension: A Comprehensive Study

Opeyemi O Adeloye, Daniel Smith, Samuel Headley — 2024-05-22

Purpose: This systematic review compares the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), and Isometric Training for hypertension management, aiming to ascertain if HIIT surpasses MIIT and Isometric Training in efficacy. Methods: Relevant studies from Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Sport Disc, and CINAHL published from October 1, 2000, till October 1, 2023, were reviewed. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and full-text reviews addressing HIIT, MIIT, and isometric training's impact on hypertension were included. Results: HIIT consistently yielded significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. MIIT demonstrated positive cardiovascular effects, with some studies reporting blood pressure improvements. Isometric Training uniquely affected blood pressure regulation, leading to reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in select studies. Conclusion: The study affirms the efficacy of HIIT, MIIT, and Isometric Training in managing hypertension, with HIIT showing superior outcomes. Personalized exercise regimens tailored to individual preferences and fitness levels are crucial, emphasizing the importance of feasibility and adherence. Future research should investigate optimal exercise modality combinations and their long-term effects on hypertension management.

Lifestyle Modification Awareness and Practice among Hypertensive Patients in Addis Ababa: A Study from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

2024-09-12

Background: Hypertension is one of the most critical public health challenges worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and societal costs. It has become particularly problematic in developing countries undergoing epidemiological transitions. Patients' knowledge and practice of lifestyle modification are crucial in managing hypertension. However, there is limited information on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hypertensive patients regarding lifestyle modification. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and factors associated with lifestyle modification among hypertensive patients attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital outpatient internal medicine clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, focusing on the renal and cardiac follow-up clinics. A total of 370 hypertensive patients were enrolled using consecutive sampling during the study period. Data was collected through a pretested, structured, interviewer-guided questionnaire. Data quality was ensured through supervision by fifth-year medical students. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 370 participants, 53.8% were female, with a mean age of 59.93 (±12) years. Additionally, 86.2% of the participants had comorbidities. The study revealed poor knowledge (40%) and poor practice (35%) regarding lifestyle modification, with a higher prevalence of poor knowledge among females. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant gap in awareness and practice of lifestyle modification among hypertensive patients. It is crucial to implement appropriate interventions from the time of diagnosis, particularly in clinics where patient follow-up occurs, to improve patient understanding and management of hypertension.